Contextual Framework:
(A) Standard: The student will apply process skills to develop an understanding of physical science including: properties, changes of properties of matter, motion and forces, and transfer of energy.
(B) Benchmark: The student will investigate motion and forces.
(C) Indicator: The student recognizes and describes examples of Newton’s Laws of Motion.
(D) Official Test Specifications:
- Multiple Choice
- For your info: Newton’s Laws:
- An object in motion stays in motion, or an object at rest stays at rest, unless acted on by a force. Also called the Law of inertia.
- A force is determined by an object’s mass and acceleration.
- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- Mid Level Knowledge Questions
(E) Instructional Examples:
- What happens to a book bag sitting on a car seat when the car stops suddenly?
- An air-filled balloon is released. What happens to the balloon?
- What forces keep a satellite traveling in orbit around a planet rather than falling into the planet or flying off into space?
- Place a small object on a rolling toy vehicle, stop the vehicle abruptly, and observe the motion of the small object. Relate to the experience of stopping rapidly in a car.
- Research safety equipment, such as seat belts and safety helmets, and the role they play related to inertia.
- Push on a ball, and it goes from stationary to moving. Do the same on a car, and little or nothing happens. It’s obvious a PUSH does something, but what is the difference?
(F) Assessment Item Specification:
- Understand Newton’s first law (inertia) in the following ways:
- Objects in motion tend to stay in motion.
- Objects at rest tend to stay at rest.
- A change in motion (i.e., speeding up, slowing down, changing direction) is the result of an unbalanced force.
- friction and air resistance account for most observed motions that appear to deviate from the first law.
- Predict motion on a frictionless surface.
- Understand Newton’s second law in the following ways:
- Know a change in mass and/or a change in force changes the motion of an object (qualitative understanding, NOT quantitative).
- Given change in force or mass, predict change in motion (qualitative).
- The acceleration of an object is always in the same direction as the force.
- gravity is acceleration; therefore if you know your mass, you can determine your force acting on earth (weight).
- Understand Newton’s third law (action-reaction) in the following ways:
- Understand that for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
- Given one force of an action-reaction pair, identify the other.
- Relate the need for impact safety gear to Newton’s Laws of Motion.
- DO NOT assess identification of laws of motion by name or label.
(G) State Assessment Practice Item:
Newton’s first law of motion states, in part, that an object in motion tends to stay in motion. Why is this law easier to observe if the object is in motion on smooth, level ice?
| A) | gravity is not acting on the object. | |
B) |
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C) X |
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D) |
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