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Assessment for Learning About Phonemes
Multiple Choice
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1.
Phonemic awareness does not include:
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*
)
A.
memorizing all the different ways to spell sounds and words
Correct! Phonemic awareness does not include letter-sound associations. Phonemic awareness relates only to the smallest sounds in words that can make a difference in the meaning of the word. Phonemic awareness does include being able to notice phonemes in words, and being able to segment, blend and manipulate phonemes in words. Memorizing all the different ways to spell sounds and words is not part of phonemic awareness.
B.
being able to notice sounds in words
C.
being able to segment words into isolated sounds
D.
knowing the phonemes of a language
2.
The sounds |p| and |b| are called a pair because:
A.
they are both voiced consonants
B.
they are written similarly
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*
)
C.
they are produced in the same way
Correct! The question is about sounds, not letter shapes. The sounds |p| and |b| are called a pair because they are produced in exactly the same way and are stop sounds. The |b| is the voiced sound and the |p| is the voiceless sound in this pair.
3.
Fricatives or hissing sounds are phonemes that:
A.
are produced by air going out of the nose
B.
are produced by making air stop in the mouth
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*
)
C.
are produced with a narrow constriction of air
Correct! The definition of a fricative, or hissing sound, is a sound that is produced with a narrow constriction of air in the mouth. The answer ´a´ is not correct since that is the definition of a nose sound. The answer ´b´ is not correct since that is the definition of a stop sound. The answer ´d´ is not correct since that is the definition of an affricate sound.
D.
are a combination of two sounds
4.
Vowels:
A.
are the nucleus of a syllable
B.
can be grouped into categories
C.
are not as visible when they are produced
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*
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D.
all of the above
Correct! All of the characteristics listed are true of vowels. The answer ´a´ is true since a word or syllable cannot exist without at least 1 vowel sound. The answer ´b´ is true since vowels can be categorized. The answer ´c´ is true since the tongue does most of the work to produce a vowel sound and it is hard to see the tongue move since it is inside of the mouth and not very visible.
E.
none of the above
5.
The voiceless partner for the stop sound |d| is spelled with the letter or letters:
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*
)
A.
t
Correct! The partner to the stop sound |d| is the voiceless sound |t| which is spelled with the letter ´t´. The answer ´b´ is not true since the letters ´th´ spell the sound |th| as in the word ´thumb´ which is a hissing sound. The answers ´c´ and ´d´ are not true since the letters ´g´ and ´k´ spell the sounds |g| and |k|, respectively, which are partners to each other. They are not produced in the same way as |d| and |t|.
B.
th
C.
g
D.
k
6.
Which of the following is correct?
A.
Continuous sounds are hard to blend.
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*
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B.
Stop sounds are hard to blend.
Correct! It is easiest to blend sounds that are continuous because the sounds can be sustained and combined well. Because stop sounds can not be sustained, there is a pause between a stop sound and the sound that follows it. That makes it more difficult to recognize the blended word. The voicing of consonants does not make a difference in blending sounds.
C.
Voiced sounds are hard to blend.
D.
Unvoiced sounds are hard to blend.
7.
When consonants are voiced, that means that the vocal folds are still.
A.
True
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*
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B.
False
Correct! It is the louder sound of the vocal folds vibrating that makes these sounds voiced. In comparison, unvoiced sounds are whispered because the vocal chords do not vibrate.
8.
When students spell a word incorrectly, it means that they have a visual memory problem.
A.
True
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*
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B.
False
Correct! Although students may have difficulty with visual memory, many students spelling errors are related to their poor phonemic awareness. When students don´t detect a sound in a word, they may leave the letters out that would represent that sound.
9.
The sounds |g| and |k| can be confused with each other.
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*
)
A.
True
Correct! Since these sounds are partners, it means that they are produced in the same manner and place in the mouth. The only difference between these sounds is that the |g| is voiced and the |k| is voiceless which makes noticing a difference between them more difficult.
B.
False
10.
There is a 1:1 correspondence between the number of phonemes and spellings for those phonemes.
A.
True
(
*
)
B.
False
Correct! There are about 39 phonemes and over 51 different graphemes or letters that can represent them. For example, the single phoneme |s| can be spelled: ´s´ ´c´ ´ss´. Some phonemes have only one spelling, while others have multiple spellings.
Beginning Word Reading
